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ajax轮询请求现实(ajax并发请求阻塞讲解)
2022-02-24 15:01  浏览:5

轮询和长轮询优缺点分析

  1. 轮询:客户端定时向服务器发送Ajax请求,服务器接到请求后马上返回响应信息并关闭连接。优点:后端程序编写比较容易。缺点:请求中有大半是无用,浪费带宽和服务器资源。实例:适于小型应用。
  2. 长轮询:客户端向服务器发送Ajax请求,服务器接到请求后hold住连接,直到有新消息才返回响应信息并关闭连接,客户端处理完响应信息后再向服务器发送新的请求。优点:在无消息的情况下不会频繁的请求。缺点:服务器hold连接会消耗资源。实例:WebQQ、Hi网页版、Facebook IM。

另外,对于长连接和socket连接也有区分:

  • 长连接:在页面里嵌入一个隐蔵iframe,将这个隐蔵iframe的src属性设为对一个长连接的请求,服务器端就能源源不断地往客户端输入数据。
  • 优点:消息即时到达,不发无用请求。
  • 缺点:服务器维护一个长连接会增加开销。
  • 实例:Gmail聊天
  • Flash Socket:在页面中内嵌入一个使用了Socket类的 Flash 程序JavaScript通过调用此Flash程序提供的Socket接口与服务器端的Socket接口进行通信,JavaScript在收到服务器端传送的信息后控制页面的显示。
  • 优点:实现真正的即时通信,而不是伪即时。
  • 缺点:客户端必须安装Flash插件;非HTTP协议,无法自动穿越防火墙。
  • 实例:网络互动游戏

轮询示例代码

Flask版

app.py

app.pyfrom flask import Flask,render_template,request,jsonify


app = Flask(__name__)


USERS = {
    '1':{'name':'路人甲','count':1},
    '2':{'name':'路人乙','count':0},
    '3':{'name':'路人丙','count':0},
}

@app.route('/user/list')
def user_list():
    import time
    return render_template('user_list.html',users=USERS)

@app.route('/vote',methods=['POST'])
def vote():
    uid = request.form.get('uid')
    USERS[uid]['count'] += 1
    return "投票成功"

@app.route('/get/vote',methods=['GET'])
def get_vote():

    return jsonify(USERS)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run(host='127.0.0.1',threaded=True)
    app.run(threaded=True)

templates/user_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <style>
        li{
            cursor: pointer;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <ul id="userList">
        {% for key,val in users.items() %}
            <li uid="{{key}}">{{val.name}} ({{val.count}})</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>

        $(function () {
            $('#userList').on('dblclick','li',function () {
                var uid = $(this).attr('uid');
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/vote',
                    type:'POST',
                    data:{uid:uid},
                    success:function (arg) {
                        console.log(arg);
                    }
                })
            });

        });


        
        function get_vote() {
            $.ajax({
                url:'/get/vote',
                type:"GET",
                dataType:'JSON',
                success:function (arg) {
                    $('#userList').empty();
                    $.each(arg,function (k,v) {
                        var li = document.createElement('li');
                        li.setAttribute('uid',k);
                        li.innerText = v.name + "(" + v.count + ')' ;
                        $('#userList').append(li);
                    })

                }
            })
        }

        
        setInterval(get_vote,3000);

    </script>
</body>
</html>

长轮询示例代码

Flask版

app.py

from flask import Flask,render_template,request,jsonify,session
import uuid
import queue

app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'asdfasdfasd'


USERS = {
    '1':{'name':'路人甲','count':1},
    '2':{'name':'路人乙','count':0},
    '3':{'name':'路人丙','count':0},
}

QUEQUE_DICT = {
    # 'asdfasdfasdfasdf':Queue()
}

@app.route('/user/list')
def user_list():
    user_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
    QUEQUE_DICT[user_uuid] = queue.Queue()

    session['current_user_uuid'] = user_uuid
    return render_template('user_list.html',users=USERS)

@app.route('/vote',methods=['POST'])
def vote():
    uid = request.form.get('uid')
    USERS[uid]['count'] += 1
    for q in QUEQUE_DICT.values():
        q.put(USERS)
    return "投票成功"


@app.route('/get/vote',methods=['GET'])
def get_vote():
    user_uuid = session['current_user_uuid']
    q = QUEQUE_DICT[user_uuid]

    ret = {'status':True,'data':None}
    try:
        users = q.get(timeout=5)
        ret['data'] = users
    except queue.Empty:
        ret['status'] = False

    return jsonify(ret)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='127.0.0.1',threaded=True)
    # app.run(threaded=True)

\templates\user_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <style>
        li{
            cursor: pointer;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <ul id="userList">
        {% for key,val in users.items() %}
            <li uid="{{key}}">{{val.name}} ({{val.count}})</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>

        $(function () {
            $('#userList').on('click','li',function () {
                var uid = $(this).attr('uid');
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/vote',
                    type:'POST',
                    data:{uid:uid},
                    success:function (arg) {
                        console.log(arg);
                    }
                })
            });
            get_vote();
        });

        
        function get_vote() {
            $.ajax({
                url:'/get/vote',
                type:"GET",
                dataType:'JSON',
                success:function (arg) {
                    if(arg.status){
                        $('#userList').empty();
                            $.each(arg.data,function (k,v) {
                                var li = document.createElement('li');
                                li.setAttribute('uid',k);
                                li.innerText = v.name + "(" + v.count + ')' ;
                                $('#userList').append(li);
                            })
                    }
                    get_vote();

                }
            })
        }

    </script>
</body>
</html>