Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!

I've got a grammar lesson for you today and I'm really excited to be sharing it with you because it's one that you've been asking for for quite a while.

大家好，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道！我今天给大家准备了一节语法课，我非常激动地想要和大家分享，因为你们已经想让我出这个课程很长时间了。

We're talking about conditional sentences in English. I'm going to go over the basic structure and the meaning of all conditional sentences in English.

我们要讨论英语条件句。我会带大家看一下所有的英语条件句的基本结构和意思。

If you've studied these sentences before, then this video is going to be awesome revision for you but if you're not so familiar with conditional sentences, then it's gonna be an excellent introduction. So let's get started!

如果你之前学过这些句子的话，那么大家就可以看一下这个视频进行复习，但是如果你对条件句不熟悉的话，那这就是一节很好的入门课程。让我们开始吧！

. . . . . . Sometimes it feels like English grammar can be pretty loose like yeah there's some rules but sometimes they don't apply.

有时候感觉英语的语法比较零散，比如说确实有一些规则，但是有时候却不适用。有时候会有例外。

Sometimes there's exceptions. I get it!

我懂大家！我还是得教啊！

I've got to teach it!?But there are some grammatical structures in English that follow really clear rules and the structure of conditional sentences is nice and clear which makes it easier for you to feel confident about the way that you express your thoughts and your ideas when you speak.

但是有一些英语的语法结构确实遵循非常确定的规则，而条件句的结构和规则就很清晰，这会让大家更加容易地对自己说话的时候表达自己的想法感到自信。我们使用条件句来解释什么是真实发生了的，什么在未来可能发生。

We use conditional sentences to explain what actually happens, what could happen so a possible and likely outcome in the future. We talk about what we wish would happen so imagining a different outcome for our present situation.

我们会讨论我们希望什么可以发生，就是想象一下目前情况的不同的结果。还有本来或许可以发生什么，这就是想象一下过去事件的不同结果。

And what might have happened so thinking about a different outcome that happened in the past. Now there are four types of conditional sentences.

有四种不同类型的条件句。它们都非常相似，但是并不完全一样。

They're all really similar but they're not the same. If I get sick, I go to the doctor.

如果我生病的话，就去看医生。如果我生病的话，就会去看医生。

If I get sick, I will go to the doctor. If I got sick, I would go to the doctor.

如果我生过病的话，我去看医生的。如果我之前生过病，我就会去看医生的。

If I had been sick, I would have gone to the doctor. So let's talk about what is the same or what's similar about all of these sentences.

那让我们讨论一下这些句子有什么相似之处吧。它们都有两个从句。

They all use two clauses. There are two parts to each sentence separated by a comma and they all use the conjunction 'if'.

每个句子都有两个部分，中间以逗号隔开，都使用连接词“如果”。提醒大家一下，在英文中我们会使用连接词把两句话合成一句话。

Just a little reminder that we use conjunctions in English to join two ideas together in one sentence. I ate an apple and two desserts.

我吃了一个苹果和两个甜品。我喜欢它，但并不想要。

I like it but I don't want it. I'll do it if you drive me to the cinema later.

如果你之后把我载去电影院的话，我会做的。这些单词都是很小很小的语法词，但是它们的功能却很重要。

So all of these words are really, really tiny grammatical words but they have an important function. They're connecting two ideas together and conditional sentences all use 'if' to join two ideas together.

它们把两种意思连接在一起，而条件句都会使用“if”来做链接。在所有的条件句中，我们会有一个“if”条件句和一个结果从句。

In all conditional sentences, we have an 'if' clause and a result clause. So the 'if' clause is the event or the situation that must happen in order for the other thing to happen.

所以“if”条件句是必须发生的事件或者是情形，这样另外一件事情才会发生。所以只有“if”句发生的话，那么结果才会发生，这也是为什么它被称为条件句的原因。

So the result can only happen if the 'if' clause occurs and that is why it's called a conditional sentence. A condition is something that you have to do or a situation that needs to exist in order for something else to happen.

条件就是必须要做的某件事情，或者是必须要存在的某种情形，这样另外的事情才会发生。如果不挤的话，你是弄不出来的。

You can't get this without squeezing this. There is a really important relationship between these two things.

这两件事情之间有着非常重要的关系。一件事依赖于另外一件。

One relies on the other. Now these sentences, they're all quite similar but there are some really clear differences as well.

这些句子都非常相似，但是确实也存在着非常明显的不同。大家可以看一下动词。

I mean, check out the verbs. This is where the main difference between these conditional sentences are.

这就是这些条件句的不同之处。就在动词这里，大家可以看到吧？

It's all in the verbs, you can see it, right? And the meaning is different too.

意思也是不同的。在不同的情境中，我们使用不同的句子。

We use each type of sentence in a different situation. If you haven't already noticed, we have the zero conditional, the first conditional, the second conditional, the third conditional.

如果你还没有注意到的话，我们有零条件句、第一条件句、第二条件句和第三条件句。我会带大家过一下每种类型的条件句。

And I'm going to go through each type of conditional sentence now one by one. So let's get started with the zero conditional and I recommend that you take some notes as we go through all of these examples.

让我们从零条件句开始吧，我推荐大家在我们过这些例子的时候记一些笔记。零条件句也叫事实条件句。

The zero conditional is called the factual conditional. If I get sick, I go to the doctor.

如果我生病的话，我就会去看医生。这是记起来最简单的之一，因为两个句子都是一般现在时。

And it's one of the easiest to remember because both clauses are in the present simple tense. We have the 'if' clause with the present simple and then the present simple in the main result clause as well.

“if”从句是一般现在时，主句结果句也是一般现在时。所以如果这发生的话，那么那也会发生。

So if this happens, then this is what happens. We use the zero conditional to talk about habits, facts and truths.

我们使用零条件句来讨论习惯和事实。你不能就这些事情进行辩论，是吧？

You can't argue about these things, right? With these things, we're not talking about possibility.

就这些事情而言，我们讨论的并不是可能性。这是事实。

It's fact. If you put ice in your drink, it melts.

如果你把冰放进饮料的话，就会融化。看到了吧？真的很简单。

See? It's really simple. So I want you to practise by finishing this sentence for me.

我希望大家通过完成我的这个句子来进行练习。我想让大家在评论中自己造个句子，这样我就可以检查了。

I want you to write your sentence in the comments so that I can check it. If I eat. . .

如果我吃……记住，一般现在时，一般现在时。

Remember, present simple, present simple. Then we have the first conditional which we used to talk about possible and likely future outcomes.

然后我们介绍第一条件句，我们会使用它来讨论可能的未来结果。如果我生病的话，就会去看医生。

If I get sick, I will go to the doctor. So it's possible that in the future I'll get sick and if that occurs, I will probably go to the doctor.

可能在未来我会生病，如果这发生了的话，我可能会去看医生。所以我们使用“if”加一般现在时，而“will”后面加动词不定式。

So we use 'if' with the present simple and 'will' with our verb infinitive. If it's hot tomorrow, I'll go for a swim at the beach.

如果明天很热的话，我就会去沙滩游泳。我现在确定明天会游泳吗？

Now am I sure that it will be hot tomorrow? No, but it is summertime here in Australia.

不，但是澳大利亚现在是夏天。如果天气热的话，我很有可能就会去游泳。

And if it is hot, it's highly likely that I will go for a swim. If you join the Lingoda Language Sprint, you'll get lots of English speaking practice.

如果你加入 Lingoda 语言冲刺跑的话，就会有很多英语口语练习。现在到你来完成这个句子了。

So now it's your turn to finish a sentence. If we leave now. . .

如果我们现在离开的话……在评论区完成这个句子吧，大家随时都可以停止视频，写下自己的条件句，我可以检查一下。

Complete that sentence in the comments below and feel free to also pause the video at any time and write your own conditional sentences down there for me to check. Now we have the second conditional and we use it when we want to imagine that the present situation is different.

那现在是第二条件句，当我们想要想象现在的情况的不同版本的时候，就会用到它。所以如果我生病的话，我就会去看医生。

So if I got sick, I would go to the doctor. This is a hypothetical situation, right?

这是个假设的情况，对吧？这并不是真的。

It's not real. Do I look sick?

我看起来像生病了吗？我并没有生病。

I'm not sick. I'm imagining that the present situation is different for some reason.

因为某些原因，我在想象目前的情况会有什么不同。我在想象我生病了。

I'm imagining that I'm sick. Now if that were true, I would go to the doctor.

如果那是真的的话，我就会去看医生。我真的要去看医生吗？

Now am I really going to the doctor? Because I'm not actually sick.

因为我并不是真的生病了。这是个非现实的情况。

It's an unreal situation. But to express this in English, we use 'if' with the past simple and then 'would' and the verb infinitive in the result clause.

但是为了用英语进行表达，我们会使用“if”和一般过去时搭配，然后结果从句中“would”和动词不定式搭配。所以我们会使用情态动词“would”来显示我们在想象结果。

So we use the modal verb 'would' to show that we're imagining the result. Don't forget that in English, all verbs that follow modal verbs are in the infinitive form.

不要忘记在英语中，所有情态动词后面的动词都是不定式。如果我有更多的钱的话，我就会买艘船。

If I had more money, I would buy a boat. Now it's really common and natural to use contractions in conditional sentences.

在条件句中使用缩写是非常常见，非常自然的。当我自然地说话的时候，我肯定会说：如果我有更多钱的话，我就会买艘船。

I would definitely say when I'm speaking naturally: If I had more money, I'd buy a boat. I'd, he'd, you'd, they'd.

I'd, he'd, you'd, they'd。在英语口语中这种发音非常常见。

This pronunciation is much more common in spoken English. Okay, so now it's your turn to finish this sentence.

好的，现在到你们来完成这些句子了。如果我早些完成工作的话……

If I finished work earlier. . . Finish that sentence in the comments.

在评论区完成那个句子吧。第二条件句有很多不同的用法。

There are lots of different uses for the second conditional. We use it to give advice, to give reasons why we can't do something and generally just imagine that life is different.

我们会用它来给出建议，给出我们为什么不做某件事情的原因，以及想象不同的生活。所以我肯定不久就会在另外一个视频中讲些给大家讲一下这些不同的用法。

So I'm definitely gonna have to go through all of those different uses in detail in another video very soon. And the third conditional is the past unreal conditional.

第三条件句是过去非现实条件句。如果我生过病的话，我肯定会去看医生的。

If I had been sick, I would have gone to the doctor. We use this structure to imagine a different past, different to the one that actually happened, right?

我们使用这个结构来想象一个不同的未来，和现在这个确实发生的不同，对吧？我们使用“if”和过去完成时连用，而“would have”后面加过去分词。

We use 'if' with the past perfect and 'would have' with the past participle. Just to be clear, the 'if' clause did not actually happen but I'm imagining the result if the past was different.

明确地说，“if”从句并没有发生，但是我在想象如果过去不同的话，结果会怎么样。所以在这种情形中，我真的生病了吗？

So in this situation, was I really sick? I'm not talking about what actually happened, I'm talking about what could have happened in the past but didn't and what I would have done if that had happened.

我讨论的并不是确实发生了什么，而是过去可能发生，但是并没有发生的事情，而那如果发生的话，我会怎么样。你想想象在什么情况下这个语法结构会很有用嘛？

Can you think of a time when this grammar structure would actually be useful? When you regret something in the past, something that happened in the past and you wished that that result was different.

当你对过去的某件事情感到后悔，你希望结果会不一样。如果我们看了天气预报的话，我们就会待在家里！

If we had looked at the weather report, we would have stayed home! If I had known you were visiting, I would have made time to see you.

如果我之前知道你要来的话，我肯定会留时间见你的。好的，现在到你们了。

Okay it's your turn now. If I had. . .

如果我……记住这个结构。

Remember the structure. Let's do it.

让我们开始吧。如果需要的话，你可以暂停视频，这样你们就可以在评论区造句。

Pause the video if you need to so that you can write your sentence in the comments below. So that was an overview of conditional sentences in English.

这就是英语条件句的大致情况啦。记住这些之后，就可以使用不同的条件句的组合了，但是我觉得那要留到下节课再说了。

Now with all of this in mind, it is possible to use mixed conditional sentences too but I think that's a lesson for another day.

This lesson was a summary or an overview of the different types of conditional sentences so if you want me to explain any of them in more detail, to give you lots of different examples and to share some practice activities with you then let me know.

这节课是不同类型的条件句的总结，所以如果你想要我更加详细地进行解释的话，如果想让我给大家举更多的不同的例子的话，如果想让我给大家分享一些练习活动的话，那就请让我知道哦。我会先做大家要求最强烈的条件句，所以一定要在评论区写下自己的要求哦。

Whichever conditional sentence has the most requests will be the one that I make first so make sure you put in your request down in the comments below.

I'll make sure that I link to that lesson right here once it's finished but for now, check out either of these two lessons and make sure you're subscribed so you know when the next lesson's coming.

我会保证我做完的话，就会把链接放到这节课程这边，但是现在的话，看一下这两节课程吧，记得一定要订阅哦，这样你们就知道下节课什么时候出了。

I'll see you soon!

再见啦！